HypoparaT

HYPO-PARA-THYROIDISM
PARATHYRIODS ,4 TINY ORANGE FOOT BALL LOOKING ORGANDS SITTING ON THE SIDE OF THE THYROID GLAND. 2 ON EACH SIDE. THEY PRODUCE PARATHYROID HORMONE http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4773 A gland that regulates calcium, located behind the thyroid gland in the neck. The parathyroid gland secretes a hormone called parathormone (or parathyrin) that is critical to calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Although the number of parathyroid glands can vary, most people have four, one above the other on each side. They are plastered against the back of the thyroid and therefore at risk for being accidentally removed during thyroidectomy.
United States
Primary hypoparathyroidism is rare. Familial cases occur with autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked transmission.1 in 100,000. in Primaries and in familials.United Stateshttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/122207-overview
Psychiatric studies for Primaries http://www.endocrine-abstracts.org/ea/0011/ea0011p169.htm
Two cases of idiopathic primary hypoparathyroidism

C Badiu1, D Cristofor2 & M Coculescu1

1C. Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; 2C.I. Parhon Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania.

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The clinical spectrum of chronic hypocalcemia mimics various neurological and psychiatric pathologies. Although infrequently encountered, the diagnosis of non-iatrogenic primary hypoparathyroidism has to be considered in order to avoid severe complications or at least to improve neurological manifestations.

We present two unrelated cases of primary hypoparathyroidism clinically manifested in adulthood (case 1) and childhood (case 2). Very low-levels of PTH (3.1 and 0.11 ng/ml) during concomitantly hypocalcemia (6 and 6.6 mg/dl) with hyperphosphatemia (6.39 and 6.51 mg/dl) made for the diagnosis. However, the diagnosis was obvious only after developing known complications due to chronic hypocalcemia (subcapsular cataracts, cerebral calcifications). In one case, the long history of tetany crises was misattributed to a conversion neurosis despite repeated low serum calcium levels. Association with oral candidiasis not retractable after correction of hypocalcemia in the first case suggests the presence of polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type I. Early onset of symptoms and high calcium excretion levels in the second case raised the suspicion of a familial (autosomal dominant hypocalcemia) or sporadic mutation in the calcium sensing receptor. Remission of symptoms was achieved using calcium and 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D as treatment, since PTH replacement therapy is not yet available in current medical practice. However, check-up revealed very high calcium excretion levels in the first case, calling for dose management and association of thiazide diuretics.that was back in the 80's now we have : Forteo : a medication which was a protocal study years ago , was researched for the use parathyroid replacement but was approved for osteoporosis patients instead. HP patients can be subscribed this medication on off label if their insurance companies will cover this . For a two week supply the medication can cost 945.00 if you need 2 injections a day . Wal-mart might be cheaper.

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